This is relatively a rare cancer in men (about one percent of all breast cancers) that is formed in breasts. Men also have breast but the tissues are not fully developed as in women. These are devoid of any milk ducts also. According to an estimate, about 1,910 new cases are diagnosed every year in United States, and in UK the figure is 300. The deaths caused by this cancer in U.S are 440. It is recently observed that the incidence of male breast cancer is increasing now. The tumor can affect man at any age but typically in later years, above 60.
Risk factors
The risk factors in males for breast cancers may be:
Male breast cancer is detected through various techniques such as:
Mainly four stages are known.
Stage 1
This is initial level where the tumor is not more than 2 cm in length and the lymph nodes are not affected. It is an invasive breast cancer that is comparatively easy to treat than metastatic forms.
Stage 2
It is further divided into two stages:
It has three sub-stages:
This is the most severe type since it is metastatic cancer, a form in which it spreads to other organs especially lungs, bone, liver or brain.
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Risk factors
The risk factors in males for breast cancers may be:
- Genetic history
- Exposure to radiation
- Excessive alcohol intake
- Estrogen. Exposure to female hormone may occur due to liver disease, family history, obesity and certain medications
- Klinefelter syndrome
Male breast cancer is detected through various techniques such as:
- Self-exam
- Ultrasound
- Mammography
- Needle biopsy
- Excisional biopsy
- Histological examination estrogen
- Progesterone receptor studies
- HER 2 test
Mainly four stages are known.
Stage 1
This is initial level where the tumor is not more than 2 cm in length and the lymph nodes are not affected. It is an invasive breast cancer that is comparatively easy to treat than metastatic forms.
Stage 2
It is further divided into two stages:
- Stage 2-a in which the tumor is 2 cm long and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes but not to distant places.
- Stage 2-b in that tumor is larger than 5 cm in length and has spread to the lymph nodes but not to the distant sites.
It has three sub-stages:
- 3-a, in which axillary lymph nodes are clumped together or stuck to other body structures.
- 3-b, in that tumor spreads to the chest skin and breast bone.
- 3-c, in this the tumor spreads to the chest skin and lymph nodes above or below the collar bone.
This is the most severe type since it is metastatic cancer, a form in which it spreads to other organs especially lungs, bone, liver or brain.
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